Index · 291 classes

Pharmacologic classes

FDA's Established Pharmacologic Class from the drug label. Each class page pools its member drugs and gives the median share of each reaction, the reference used on drug pages.

Read first · FDA's statement on these data

Adverse event reports submitted to FDA do not undergo extensive validation or verification. Therefore, a causal relationship cannot be established between product and reactions listed in a report. While a suspected relationship may exist, it is not medically validated and should not be the sole source of information for clinical decision making or other assumptions about the safety or efficacy of a product. Additionally, it is important to remember that adverse event reports represent a small percentage of total usage numbers of a product. Common products may have a higher number of adverse events due to the higher total number of people using the product. openFDA, FDA

FDA adds: "There is no certainty that the reported event (adverse event or medication error) was actually due to the product. FDA does not require that a causal relationship between a product and event be proven, and reports do not always contain enough detail to properly evaluate an event." The information in these reports "cannot be used to estimate the incidence of these events."

Do not rely on openFDA to make decisions regarding medical care. While we make every effort to ensure that data is accurate, you should assume all results are unvalidated.

Not medical advice. This site counts what was reported to FDA. Questions about a medicine or device belong with a pharmacist or clinician.

Class	Drug pages	Reports	Latest 12 months
5-alpha reductase inhibitor	5	24,827	2,857
Acetylcholine release inhibitor	6	88,564	6,817
Adenosine receptor agonist	2	5,020	61
Adenosine Triphosphate-Citrate lyase inhibitor	3	2,558	470
Adrenocorticotropic hormone	2	4,963	1,853
Aldosterone antagonist	4	31,972	1,881
Alkaloid	2	9,578	857
Alkylating drug	23	253,205	19,663
Allylamine antifungal	2	5,123	361
alpha-1 adrenergic agonist	2	4,830	765
alpha-Adrenergic agonist	11	23,291	1,713
alpha-Adrenergic blocker	12	38,454	2,029
Amide local anesthetic	13	41,804	3,153
Aminoglycoside antibacterial	15	37,840	2,631
Aminoketone	6	70,951	4,890
Aminosalicylate	7	59,220	3,834
Androgen	8	20,367	1,524
Androgen receptor inhibitor	5	61,805	1,987
Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker	24	243,200	10,424
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor	13	102,327	4,646
Anthracycline topoisomerase inhibitor	7	109,832	8,464
Anti-coagulant	10	28,971	1,464
Anti-epileptic agent	23	269,757	13,248
Anti-IgE	3	80,012	9,012
Antiarrhythmic	11	30,807	1,259
Anticholinergic	24	159,807	5,641
Antihistamine	5	15,698	1,736
Antimalarial	7	92,320	4,887
Antimetabolite	3	8,764	431
Antimetabolite immunosuppressant	4	121,804	12,584
Antimycobacterial	6	22,556	1,685
Antiparasitic	4	4,517	363
Antirheumatic agent	2	71,196	3,992
Antisense oligonucleotide	3	10,452	1,223
Aromatase inhibitor	6	70,406	4,804
Aromatic amino acid	7	52,862	4,759
Arteriolar vasodilator	4	43,259	1,943
Asparagine-specific enzyme	3	12,068	577
Atypical antipsychotic	37	683,680	41,989
Azole antifungal	16	69,035	5,196
B lymphocyte stimulator-specific inhibitor	2	30,275	3,872
BCL-2 inhibitor	2	57,562	6,424
Benzodiazepine	19	244,289	14,536
beta-Adrenergic agonist	2	2,553	234
beta-Adrenergic blocker	22	148,208	8,580
beta2-Adrenergic agonist	7	91,817	7,395
beta3-Adrenergic agonist	3	27,466	2,942
Biguanide	7	116,598	7,340
Bispecific CD20-directed CD3 T cell engager	3	3,559	1,213
Bisphosphonate	9	97,060	5,999
Blood coagulation factor	4	13,838	2,002
Bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist	3	5,620	438
Calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant	11	206,378	22,043
Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist	5	18,311	2,407
Calcium channel blocker	6	76,049	5,126
Calcium-sensing receptor agonist	5	47,026	240
Calculi dissolution agent	4	8,293	846
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor	12	19,384	766
Cardiac glycoside	2	17,077	426
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase inhibitor	2	2,018	173
Catecholamine	7	22,692	1,913
CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor	4	14,019	1,709
CD20-directed cytolytic antibody	12	316,120	26,932
CD22-directed immunoconjugate	2	2,419	179
CD30-directed immunoconjugate	2	10,107	892
CD33-directed immunoconjugate	2	3,378	76
CD38-directed cytolytic antibody	5	37,241	4,152
CD52-directed cytolytic antibody	3	17,330	513
Central alpha-2 adrenergic agonist	13	31,745	2,263
Central nervous system depressant	4	74,407	2,104
Central nervous system stimulant	26	109,804	6,049
Cephalosporin antibacterial	17	57,006	4,246
Cholinergic muscarinic antagonist	9	18,647	699
Cholinergic nicotinic agonist	8	54,214	1,330
Cholinergic receptor agonist	4	6,746	1,035
Cholinesterase inhibitor	8	25,719	968
Complement 5a receptor antagonist	2	6,196	2,091
Complement inhibitor	6	69,459	5,986
Contrast agent for ultrasound imaging	2	6,955	823
Copper-containing intrauterine device	2	43,223	5,605
Corticosteroid	74	808,789	62,248
Cortisol synthesis inhibitor	2	2,494	773
CTLA-4-directed blocking antibody	4	45,770	3,753
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiator	3	15,772	1,033
Cytochrome P450 17A1 inhibitor	3	37,351	1,254
Cytochrome P450 3A inhibitor	8	46,425	546
Cytomegalovirus nucleoside analog DNA polymerase inhibitor	5	14,000	1,086
Cytoprotective agent	3	13,325	781
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker	2	2,338	189
Dietary cholesterol absorption inhibitor	3	23,350	1,993
Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor antibacterial	6	41,847	3,516
Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker	6	26,910	1,962
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor	10	46,081	1,212
Direct thrombin inhibitor	3	65,690	406
Dopamine-2 receptor antagonist	6	40,014	1,234
Dopaminergic agonist	3	6,603	802
Echinocandin antifungal	5	7,377	360
Endoglycosidase	2	5,659	906
Endothelin receptor antagonist	6	192,634	3,839
Epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist	4	43,907	2,642
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent	9	66,386	1,713
Estrogen	25	127,523	5,726
Estrogen Agonist/Antagonist	3	12,848	120
Estrogen receptor antagonist	3	27,672	2,106
Expectorant	10	51,345	6,901
Factor Xa inhibitor	7	329,539	12,649
Fluoroquinolone antibacterial	7	88,718	6,189
Folate analog	3	16,736	1,416
Folate analog metabolic inhibitor	7	312,274	17,704
Gadolinium-based contrast agent	4	11,772	641
gamma-Aminobutyric acid A receptor positive modulator	3	35,609	1,842
gamma-Aminobutyric acid-ergic agonist	3	35,901	1,274
General anesthetic	8	31,985	2,917
GLP-1 receptor agonist	18	404,853	115,535
GLP-2 analog	2	13,300	1,065
Glycopeptide antibacterial	2	35,654	2,788
Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor agonist	7	61,409	4,101
Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor antagonist	4	28,126	5,779
Guanylate Cyclase-C agonist	3	16,496	1,375
Hedgehog pathway inhibitor	3	9,739	550
Hepatitis B virus nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor	12	72,523	1,313
Hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibitor	3	15,916	268
Hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor	3	35,420	312
Hepatitis C virus nucleotide analog NS5B polymerase inhibitor	2	18,232	27
HER2/neu receptor antagonist	6	85,553	5,681
Herpes simplex virus nucleoside analog DNA polymerase inhibitor	5	29,855	2,203
Histamine-1 receptor antagonist	34	135,666	10,050
Histamine-1 receptor inhibitor	3	7,029	100
Histamine-2 receptor antagonist	8	270,928	1,766
Histone deacetylase inhibitor	3	2,757	51
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor	13	204,462	6,978
Human alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor	3	4,163	631
Human C1 esterase inhibitor	2	3,328	86
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Non-Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor	7	29,070	1,173
Human immunodeficiency virus integrase strand transfer inhibitor	4	17,985	644
Human immunodeficiency virus nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor	13	80,988	2,367
Human immunoglobulin G	11	70,639	7,247
Hydrolytic lysosomal glucocerebroside-specific enzyme	3	6,362	316
Hydrolytic lysosomal glycogen-specific enzyme	2	2,843	300
Hydrolytic lysosomal glycosaminoglycan-specific enzyme	6	17,202	1,054
Hydrolytic lysosomal neutral glycosphingolipid-specific enzyme	2	9,110	652
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel blocker	2	3,611	184
Immunoglobulin G	3	8,877	601
Influenza A M2 protein inhibitor	3	4,578	356
Insulin	9	36,121	1,133
Insulin analog	26	289,293	21,769
Integrin receptor antagonist	4	258,020	12,939
Interferon alpha	2	43,695	180
Interferon beta	5	177,168	1,773
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist	2	14,178	871
Interleukin-12 antagonist	2	95,243	5,639
Interleukin-13 antagonist	2	6,985	2,727
Interleukin-17A antagonist	4	190,442	8,527
Interleukin-2 receptor blocking antibody	2	8,496	638
Interleukin-23 antagonist	5	116,972	27,826
Interleukin-4 receptor alpha antagonist	2	474,914	123,935
Interleukin-5 antagonist	3	47,270	5,022
Interleukin-5 receptor alpha-directed cytolytic antibody	2	18,460	3,553
Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist	5	134,236	11,109
Intestinal lipase inhibitor	3	24,403	205
Iron chelator	5	26,165	512
Janus kinase inhibitor	11	323,323	28,142
Kinase inhibitor	100	849,161	57,453
l-Thyroxine	6	51,210	3,361
l-Triiodothyronine	2	2,653	96
Leukocyte growth factor	7	109,309	3,766
Leukotriene receptor antagonist	3	38,515	2,088
Lincosamide antibacterial	5	20,239	1,044
Lipid-based polyene antifungal	2	8,609	872
Loop diuretic	5	69,262	3,813
Low molecular weight heparin	2	25,243	1,535
Macrolide antimicrobial	5	48,453	3,320
Melatonin receptor agonist	2	8,851	160
Methylxanthine	2	5,061	543
Microtubule inhibitor	4	147,067	12,139
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor	4	6,012	133
Mood stabilizer	4	57,019	2,979
Muscle relaxant	8	20,135	994
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist	3	5,879	299
Neonatal Fc receptor blocker	2	3,904	492
Neuraminidase inhibitor	4	20,262	521
Nitrate vasodilator	5	11,960	627
Nitrofuran antibacterial	2	6,868	499
Nitroimidazole antimicrobial	3	32,128	1,897
Non-Standardized chemical allergen	3	15,731	208
Non-Standardized food allergenic extract	3	2,328	156
Noncompetitive AMPA glutamate receptor antagonist	2	4,967	478
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker	5	9,444	1,271
Nonergot dopamine agonist	6	19,168	1,376
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug	47	548,672	37,153
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor	4	21,234	1,421
Nuclear export inhibitor	2	8,145	947
Nucleoside analog antiviral	2	59,646	630
Nucleoside metabolic inhibitor	19	313,386	22,327
Opioid agonist	42	965,051	20,413
Opioid antagonist	10	31,239	1,053
Orexin receptor antagonist	3	12,711	692
Osmotic laxative	17	129,514	7,110
Oxazolidinone antibacterial	3	23,623	2,229
P2Y12 platelet inhibitor	8	99,787	3,655
Paramagnetic contrast agent	2	4,897	100
Parathyroid hormone analog	2	106,260	1,837
Parenteral iron replacement	9	16,234	1,668
Partial cholinergic nicotinic agonist	2	71,811	106
Partial opioid agonist	8	94,902	4,116
PCSK9 inhibitor	4	180,025	9,774
Penem antibacterial	6	23,429	1,980
Penicillin-class antibacterial	15	64,409	4,512
Peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha agonist	7	29,908	750
Phenothiazine	8	15,718	891
Phosphate binder	5	11,219	259
Phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor	2	2,669	944
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor	5	152,432	4,442
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor	7	92,849	3,311
Plasma kallikrein inhibitor	3	3,769	465
Platelet aggregation inhibitor	3	4,639	108
Platinum-based drug	3	230,969	22,813
Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitor	7	52,093	3,646
Potassium channel blocker	3	64,845	1,334
Progesterone	3	7,604	967
Progestin	17	293,492	19,262
Progestin antagonist	2	5,227	359
Programmed death Ligand-1 blocker	4	23,488	5,072
Programmed death Receptor-1 blocking antibody	8	225,959	26,144
Prostacyclin receptor agonist	2	19,293	1,030
Prostacycline vasodilator	8	119,150	11,216
Prostaglandin analog	13	51,210	1,291
Prostaglandin E1 analog	3	9,132	158
Protease inhibitor	6	22,331	274
Proteasome inhibitor	6	109,894	6,177
Proton pump inhibitor	22	484,090	12,604
Provitamin D2 compound	2	14,390	1,800
Purine antimetabolite	5	49,725	4,791
Pyridone	2	38,749	918
Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor	2	41,974	495
Pyrophosphate analog DNA polymerase inhibitor	3	2,514	162
Quinolone antimicrobial	2	3,483	149
Radiographic contrast agent	11	26,987	2,233
RANK ligand inhibitor	3	168,671	5,532
Recombinant human growth hormone	5	21,450	3,145
Renin inhibitor	2	4,115	71
Respiratory syncytial virus Anti-F protein monoclonal antibody	3	16,458	874
Retinoid	11	65,827	7,166
Rifamycin antibacterial	3	24,161	2,485
SARS-CoV-2 nucleotide analog RNA polymerase inhibitor	2	10,450	148
Selective T cell costimulation blocker	2	4,131	337
Selective T cell costimulation modulator	2	130,919	8,496
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor	12	171,115	6,468
Serotonin reuptake inhibitor	21	273,115	13,797
Serotonin-1b and Serotonin-1d receptor agonist	9	27,938	1,698
Serotonin-3 receptor antagonist	4	22,267	1,867
Sigma-1 agonist	3	4,313	133
Skin test antigen	2	2,352	86
SLAMF7-directed immunostimulatory antibody	2	3,636	123
Small interfering RNA	2	5,193	1,359
Sodium-Glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor	8	104,698	10,999
Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator	3	19,864	1,064
Somatostatin analog	6	18,073	1,416
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator	6	103,701	2,384
Standardized chemical allergen	2	7,314	970
Substance P/Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist	3	8,823	635
Sulfone	2	4,070	467
Sulfonylurea	4	15,194	504
Survival of motor neuron 2 splicing modifier	2	3,965	444
Sympathomimetic amine anorectic	2	7,138	1,258
Sympathomimetic-like agent	2	5,422	214
Tetracycline-class antibacterial	3	5,699	568
Tetracycline-class drug	6	36,316	3,597
Thalidomide analog	4	516,063	28,680
Thiazide diuretic	7	33,516	1,412
Thiazide-like diuretic	4	9,368	611
Thrombopoietin receptor agonist	5	33,996	1,299
Thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor	2	3,734	351
Topoisomerase inhibitor	12	86,440	6,772
Tricyclic antidepressant	11	18,174	995
Tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor	2	5,637	51
Tumor necrosis factor blocker	17	1,064,042	42,562
Typical antipsychotic	3	16,422	938
Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor	10	176,429	10,792
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 antagonist	2	5,658	331
Vasoconstrictor	4	4,013	385
Vasodilator	3	3,609	435
Vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist	2	11,505	2,273
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitor	3	31,545	1,211
Vinca alkaloid	3	33,176	1,735
Vitamin B12	2	26,500	2,471
Vitamin C	3	8,783	1,256
Vitamin D analog	2	12,441	88
Vitamin D3 analog	2	2,841	301
Vitamin K antagonist	2	42,833	842
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor	3	27,590	1,405

Drug data (FAERS) through 30 Jun 2026; device data (MAUDE) through 31 Aug 2026. Not medical advice.